|
|
|
| Gender differences of lower urinary tract symptoms in older Chinese Americans |
Tsung Moua,*( ),Oluwateniola Browna,Yingxiao Huab,Melissa Simonc,XinQi Dongb,Kimberly Kentona,C. Emi Bretschneidera
|
aDivision of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
bInstitute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
cDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Objective: To describe whether or not there are gender differences in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) prevalence and risk factors in community-dwelling older Chinese Americans. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cross-sectional population-based survey of Chinese Americans aged 60 years and older between January 2011 and December 2013 in English, Mandarin, Cantonese, Taishanese, or Teochew. A clinical review of systems was used to assess LUTS, which included urinary frequency, urgency, burning and/or pain, blood in urine, and urinary incontinence. Results: Of the total 3157 people queried, 42% were men and 58% were women. More men reported LUTS compared to women (32.9% vs. 28.6%, p=0.01). In a multivariable analysis, female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.73), being married (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65-0.97), and smoking (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49-0.88) were found to be protective, while traditional Chinese medicine use (aOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.28-1.78), heart disease (aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.24-1.91), and anxiety (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.25-2.28) were most strongly associated with increased odds of LUTS. When examining genders separately, being married was found to be protective only in women. Meanwhile, unique factors found in men were hypertension, heart disease, and practice of Tai Chi. Conclusion: In this large population-based study, LUTS were more prevalent in older Chinese American men than women. We also found gender-specific factors that influenced the odds of reporting LUTS; however, traditional Chinese medicine use was the only factor that was shared by both genders. Future longitudinal investigations are needed to elucidate these underlying mechanisms to provide evidence-based and culture-specific guidelines for this rapidly growing population.
|
|
Received: 10 March 2021
Available online: 20 October 2023
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
*E-mail address: tsung.p.mou@gmail.com (T. Mou).
|
|
|
| Demographic and LUTS | Men
(n=1328) | Women
(n=1829) | p-Value | | Age, mean±SD, year | 72.8±7.9 | 72.9±8.6 | 0.69 | | Education, mean±SD, year | 9.9±4.8 | 7.9±5.1 | <0.001 | | Years in the US, mean±SD | 19.5±13.5 | 20.4±12.9 | 0.07 | | Married, n (%) | 1178 (88.8) | 1058 (58.0) | <0.001 | | Income level (per year), n (%) | <0.001 | | $0–$4999 | 486 (37.0) | 554 (30.6) | | $5000–$9999 | 631 (48.1) | 985 (54.5) | | $10 000 and above | 196 (14.9) | 269 (14.9) | | LUTS, n (%) | | Any LUTS | 437 (32.9) | 524 (28.6) | 0.01 | | Frequency | 370 (27.9) | 409 (22.4) | 0.004 | | Urgency | 219 (16.5) | 230 (12.6) | 0.002 | | Burning or pain | 38 (2.9) | 41 (2.2) | 0.21 | | Hematuria | 20 (1.5) | 31 (1.7) | 0.66 | | Incontinence | 38 (2.9) | 102 (5.6) | 0.003 | | OAB-dry | 382 (28.8) | 388 (21.2) | <0.001 |
|
|
Demographics and LUTS prevalence.
|
| Characteristic and comorbidity | LUTS | OAB-dry symptom | | Men without LUTS (n=891) | Men with LUTS (n=437) | p-Value | Men without OAB-drya (n=946) | Men with OAB-drya (n=382) | p-Value | | Age, mean±SD, year | 71.9±8.0 | 74.4±7.4 | <0.001 | 72.2±8.1 | 74.1±7.4 | <0.001 | | BMI, mean±SD, kg/m2 | 23.0±3.3 | 23.5±3.3 | 0.01 | 23.0±3.4 | 23.5±3.1 | 0.02 | | Education, mean±SD, year | 9.6±4.7 | 10.6±4.8 | <0.001 | 9.7±4.8 | 10.5±4.8 | 0.004 | | Married, n (%) | 801 (90.1) | 377 (86.3) | 0.04 | 845 (89.5) | 333 (87.2) | 0.22 | | Current smoker, n (%) | 260 (29.2) | 76 (17.4) | <0.001 | 268 (28.4) | 68 (17.8) | <0.001 | | Alcohol use, n (%) | | | 0.10 | | | 0.18 | | Never | 661 (74.3) | 327 (74.8) | 702 (74.3) | 286 (74.9) | | Monthly or less | 122 (13.7) | 76 (17.4) | 132 (14.0) | 66 (17.3) | | | 2-4 times a month | 31 (3.5) | 9 (2.1) | 32 (3.4) | 8 (2.1) | | 2-3 times a week | 13 (1.5) | 5 (1.1) | 13 (1.4) | 5 (1.3) | | | 4 times or more a week | 63 (7.1) | 20 (4.6) | 66 (7.0) | 17 (4.5) | | TCM herb userb, n (%) | 258 (29.0) | 163 (37.3) | 0.002 | 276 (29.2) | 145 (38.0) | 0.002 | | Tai Chi userc, n (%) | 71 (8.0) | 63 (14.4) | <0.001 | 78 (8.2) | 56 (14.7) | 0.001 | | Cognitive mental statusd, n (%) | | | 0.40 | | | 0.31 | | Severely impaired | 6 (0.7) | 7 (1.6) | 8 (0.9) | 5 (1.3) | | Moderately impaired | 33 (3.8) | 16 (3.8) | 40 (4.3) | 9 (2.4) | | | Mildly impaired | 99 (11.3) | 52 (12.2) | 104 (11.2) | 47 (12.5) | | Not impaired | 738 (84.2) | 351 (82.4) | 774 (83.6) | 315 (83.8) | | | NAGI scoree, mean±SD | 1.9±3.1 | 3.1±4.0 | <0.001 | 2.1±3.4 | 2.8±3.5 | <0.001 | | ADL scoref, mean±SD | 0.2±1.1 | 0.6±3.0 | <0.001 | 0.3±1.9 | 0.3±1.9 | 0.29 | | Comorbidity, n (%) | | Anxietyg | 31 (3.5) | 38 (8.9) | <0.001 | 40 (4.3) | 29 (7.7) | 0.01 | | Depressionh | 126 (14.2) | 87 (20.2) | 0.01 | 146 (15.5) | 67 (17.8) | 0.31 | | Heart disease | 109 (12.2) | 120 (27.5) | <0.001 | 127 (13.4) | 102 (26.7) | <0.001 | | Stroke | 47 (5.3) | 49 (11.2) | <0.001 | 59 (6.2) | 37 (9.7) | 0.03 | | Any cancer | 32 (3.6) | 27 (6.2) | 0.03 | 37 (3.9) | 22 (5.8) | 0.14 | | Diabetes | 171 (19.3) | 119 (27.2) | 0.001 | 192 (20.4) | 98 (25.7) | 0.03 | | Hypertension | 420 (47.2) | 271 (62.2) | <0.001 | 449 (47.5) | 242 (63.5) | <0.001 | | Osteoarthritis | 233 (26.2) | 163 (37.3) | <0.001 | 255 (27.0) | 141 (36.9) | <0.001 |
|
|
Characteristics and comorbidities of men with or without LUTS and OAB-dry symptom.
|
| Characteristic and comorbidity | LUTS | OAB-dry symptom | | Women without LUTS (n=1305) | Women with LUTS
(n=524) | p-Value | Women without OAB-drya (n=1441) | Women with OAB-drya (n=388) | p-Value | | Age mean±SD, year | 72.1±8.4 | 74.7±8.7 | <0.001 | 72.6±8.7 | 73.9±8.2 | 0.01 | | BMI, mean±SD, kg/m2 | 23.1±3.4 | 23.4±3.7 | 0.18 | 23.1±3.5 | 23.4±3.7 | 0.25 | | Education, mean±SD, year | 7.8±5.0 | 8.0±5.2 | 0.42 | 7.8±5.1 | 7.9±5.1 | 0.81 | | Married, n (%) | 797 (61.3) | 261 (49.8) | <0.001 | 861 (59.5) | 197 (50.8) | 0.001 | | Current smoker, n (%) | 12 (0.9) | 2 (0.4) | 0.23 | 12 (0.8) | 2 (0.5) | 0.52 | | Alcohol use, n (%) | | | 0.18 | | | 0.34 | | Never | 1214 (93.0) | 496 (94.7) | 1340 (93.0) | 370 (95.4) | | Monthly or less | 66 (5.1) | 20 (3.8) | 72 (5.0) | 14 (3.6) | | 2-4 times a month | 9 (0.7) | 6 (1.1) | 12 (0.8) | 3 (0.8) | | 2-3 times a week | 6 (0.5) | 2 (0.4) | 7 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | | 4 times or more a week | 10 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 10 (0.7) | 0 (0) | | TCM herb userb, n (%) | 466 (35.7) | 263 (50.2) | <0.001 | 534 (37.1) | 195 (50.3) | <0.001 | | Tai Chi userc, n (%) | 137 (10.5) | 66 (12.6) | 0.20 | 152 (10.5) | 51 (13.1) | 0.14 | | Cognitive mental statusd, n (%) | | | 0.003 | | | 0.06 | | Severely impaired | 17 (1.4) | 13 (2.6) | 27 (2.0) | 3 (0.8) | | Moderately impaired | 124 (9.9) | 65 (13.1) | 143 (10.4) | 46 (12.5) | | Mildly impaired | 201 (16.1) | 100 (20.2) | 225 (16.3) | 76 (20.6) | | Not impaired | 909 (72.7) | 317 (64.0) | 982 (71.3) | 244 (66.1) | | NAGI scoree, mean±SD | 3.3±4.0 | 5.3±4.8 | <0.001 | 3.6±4.2 | 4.8±4.5 | <0.001 | | ADL scoref, mean±SD | 0.3±1.7 | 0.8±3.2 | <0.001 | 0.5±2.4 | 0.4±1.7 | 0.39 | | Comorbidity, n (%) | | Anxietyg | 108 (8.4) | 88 (16.9) | <0.001 | 135 (9.5) | 61 (15.8) | <0.001 | | Depressionh | 241 (18.6) | 185 (35.4) | <0.001 | 298 (20.8) | 128 (33.0) | <0.001 | | Heart disease | 156 (12.0) | 93 (17.8) | 0.001 | 183 (12.7) | 66 (17.0) | 0.03 | | Stroke | 45 (3.5) | 40 (7.6) | <0.001 | 56 (3.9) | 29 (7.5) | 0.002 | | Any cancer | 68 (5.2) | 39 (7.4) | 0.07 | 83 (5.8) | 24 (6.2) | 0.75 | | Diabetes | 270 (20.7) | 143 (27.3) | 0.002 | 309 (21.5) | 104 (26.9) | 0.02 | | Hypertension | 721 (55.3) | 327 (62.6) | 0.004 | 804 (55.8) | 244 (63.2) | 0.01 | | Osteoarthritis | 552 (42.4) | 283 (54.0) | <0.001 | 636 (44.2) | 199 (51.3) | 0.01 |
|
|
Characteristics and comorbidities of women with or without LUTS and OAB-dry symptom.
|
| Perception of health and life quality | Any LUTS | OAB-dry symptom | | Men | Women | p-Value | Men | Women | p-Value | | General health perceptiona, n (%) | | 0.01 | | 0.03 | | Very good | 16 (3.7) | 6 (1.1) | 14 (3.7) | 5 (1.3) | | Good | 101 (23.1) | 110 (21.0) | 89 (23.3) | 89 (22.9) | | Fair | 211 (48.3) | 243 (46.4) | 194 (50.8) | 181 (46.7) | | Poor | 109 (24.9) | 165 (31.5) | 85 (22.3) | 113 (29.1) | | Quality of lifeb, n (%) | | 0.44 | | 0.70 | | Very good | 33 (7.6) | 1 (0.2) | 29 (7.6) | 26 (6.7) | | Good | 155 (35.5) | 43 (9.3) | 136 (35.6) | 153 (39.4) | | Fair | 231 (52.9) | 192 (41.7) | 202 (52.9) | 193 (49.7) | | Poor | 18 (4.1) | 224 (48.7) | 15 (3.9) | 16 (4.1) |
|
|
Individual perception of health and life quality.
|
| Clinical characteristic | Any LUTS | OAB-dry symptom | | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | | Female | 0.60 (0.49-0.73) | | 0.52 (0.42-0.63) | | | Age | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) | 1.03 (1.01-1.04) | 1.02 (1.00-1.03) | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 1.02 (1.00-1.04) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | | BMI | 1.02 (0.99-1.04) | 1.02 (0.98-1.06) | 1.02 (0.99-1.05) | 1.01 (0.99-1.04) | 1.01 (0.97-1.05) | 1.02 (0.98-1.05) | | Education | 1.03 (1.01-1.05) | 1.03 (1.01-1.06) | 1.03 (1.00-1.05) | 1.02 (0.99-1.04) | 1.02 (0.99-1.05) | 1.01 (0.99-1.04) | | Married | 0.79 (0.65-0.97) | 0.84 (0.57-1.24) | 0.75 (0.59-0.96) | 0.93 (0.62-1.34) | 0.94 (0.63-1.40) | 0.73 (0.56-0.94) | | Current smoker | 0.66 (0.49-0.88) | 0.73 (0.54-1.00) | 0.33 (0.07-1.56) | 0.67 (0.49-0.90) | 0.72 (0.52-0.99) | 0.54 (0.12-2.50) | | NAGI scorea | 1.06 (1.04-1.09) | 1.08 (1.04-1.12) | 1.06 (1.03-1.09) | 1.03 (1.00-1.05) | 1.03 (0.99-1.07) | 1.02 (0.99-1.06) | | TCM herb user | 1.51 (1.28-1.78) | 1.33 (1.02-1.73) | 1.62 (1.30-2.02) | 1.51 (1.26-1.80) | 1.39 (1.06-1.81) | 1.60 (1.26-2.03) | | Practice of Tai Chi | 1.35 (1.05-1.74) | 1.78 (1.21-2.62) | 1.14 (0.81-1.61) | 1.39 (1.07-1.81) | 1.66 (1.13-2.45) | 1.24 (0.86-1.79) | | Hypertension | 1.23 (1.04-1.46) | 1.37 (1.05-1.78) | 1.11 (0.88-1.40) | 1.35 (1.13-1.63) | 1.52 (1.16-1.98) | 1.20 (0.93-1.54) | | Heart disease | 1.54 (1.24-1.91) | 1.91 (1.39-2.61) | 1.23 (0.91-1.67) | 1.47 (1.18-1.84) | 1.78 (1.30-2.45) | 1.18 (0.85-1.63) | | Anxiety | 1.69 (1.25-2.28) | 2.74 (1.54-4.87) | 1.36 (0.96-1.95) | 1.47 (1.08-2.01) | 1.91 (1.08-3.39) | 1.27 (0.87-1.85) | | Depression | 1.34 (1.07-1.68) | 0.93 (0.64-1.36) | 1.70 (1.28-2.26) | 1.22 (0.96-1.55) | 0.88 (0.60-1.30) | 1.55 (1.14-2.11) |
|
|
The multivariable logistic regression analysis.
|
| [1] |
Irwin DE, Milsom I, Kopp Z, Abrams P, Cardozo L. Impact of overactive bladder symptoms on employment, social interactions and emotional well-being in six European countries. BJU Int 2006; 97:96-100.
pmid: 16336336
|
| [2] |
Hannestad YS, Rortveit G, Sandvik H, Hunskaar S. A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT Study. J Clin Epidemiol 2000; 53:1150-7.
doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00232-8
pmid: 11106889
|
| [3] |
Coyne KS, Margolis MK, Kopp ZS, Kaplan SA. Racial differences in the prevalence of overactive bladder in the United States from the epidemiology of LUTS (EpiLUTS) study. J Urol 2012; 79: 95-101.
|
| [4] |
Hoeffel EM, Rastogi S, Kim MO, Hasan S. The Asian population; 2010. https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-11.pdf. [Accessed 09 March 2021].
|
| [5] |
Finkelstein K, Glosner S, Sanchez RJ, Uddin N. Prevalence of probable overactive bladder in a private obstetrics and gynecology group practice. Curr Med Res Opin 2008; 24:1083-90.
doi: 10.1185/030079908X280644
pmid: 18328119
|
| [6] |
Anger JT, Saigal CS, Litwin MS; Urologic Diseases of America Project. The prevalence of urinary incontinence among community dwelling adult women: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Urol 2006; 175: 601-4.
doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00242-9
pmid: 16407004
|
| [7] |
Stewart WF, Van Rooyen JB, Cundiff GW, Abrams P, Herzog AR, Corey R, et al. Prevalence and burden of overactive bladder in the United States. World J Urol 2003; 20:327-36.
doi: 10.1007/s00345-002-0301-4
pmid: 12811491
|
| [8] |
Budiman A, Ruiz NG. Key facts about Asian Americans, a diverse and growing population. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/08/key-facts-about-asian-americans/. [Accessed 09 March 2021].
|
| [9] |
US Census Bureau. Asian-American and Pacific Islander heritage month. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/facts-forfeatures/2018/asian-american.html. [Accessed 09 March 2021].
|
| [10] |
Wang Y, Hu H, Xu K, Wang X, Na Y, Kang X. Prevalence, risk factors and the bother of lower urinary tract symptoms in China: a population-based survey. Int Urogynecol J 2015; 26:911-9.
doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2626-8
pmid: 25653032
|
| [11] |
Wong SY, Woo J, Hong A, Leung JC, Kwok T, Leung PC. Risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms in southern Chinese men. J Urol 2006; 68:1009-14.
|
| [12] |
Gao Y, Wang M, Zhang H, Tan A, Yang X, Qin X, et al. Are metabolic syndrome and its components associated with lower urinary tract symptoms? Results from a Chinese male population survey. J Urol 2012; 79:194-201.
|
| [13] |
Zhang W, Song Y, He X, Xu B, Huang H, He C, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of lower urinary tract symptoms in Fuzhou Chinese women. Eur Urol 2005; 48:309-13.
pmid: 16005377
|
| [14] |
Dong X, Wong E, Simon MA. Study design and implementation of the PINE study. J Aging Health 2014; 26:1085-99.
doi: 10.1177/0898264314526620
pmid: 24667107
|
| [15] |
Irwin DE, Kopp ZS, Agatep B, Milsom I, Abrams P. Worldwide prevalence estimates of lower urinary tract symptoms, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence and bladder outlet obstruction. BJU Int 2011; 108:1132-8.
doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09993.x
pmid: 21231991
|
| [16] |
Leung CM, Ho S, Kan CS, Hung CH, Chen CN. Evaluation of the Chinese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: a cross-cultural perspective. Int J Psychosom 1993; 40:29-34.
|
| [17] |
Li H, Jia J, Yang Z. Mini-mental state examination in elderly Chinese: a population-based normative study. J Alzheim Dis 2016; 53:487-96.
doi: 10.3233/JAD-160119
|
| [18] |
Tong AYC, David WKM. The validation of the Hong Kong Chinese version of the lawton instrumental activities of daily living Scale for institutionalized elderly persons. Occup Ther J Res (Thorofare N J) 2002; 22:132-42.
|
| [19] |
Li L, Wang HM, Shen Y. Chinese SF-36 Health Survey: translation, cultural adaptation, validation, and normalisation. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57:259-63.
doi: 10.1136/jech.57.4.259
|
| [20] |
Lyons RA, Perry HM, Littlepage BN. Evidence for the validity of the Short-form 36 Questionnaire (SF-36) in an elderly population. Age Ageing 1994; 23:182-4.
pmid: 8085500
|
| [21] |
Lam CL, Gandek B, Ren XS, Chan MS. Tests of scaling assumptions and construct validity of the Chinese (HK) version of the SF-36 Health Survey. J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51:1139-47.
doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00105-x
pmid: 9817131
|
| [22] |
Barnes PM, Bloom B, Nahin RL. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007. Natl Health Stat Rep 2008;(12):1-23.
|
| [23] |
Kaptchuk TJ. The web that has no weaver: understanding Chinese medicine. Philos East W 1986; 36:67-8.
|
| [24] |
Alraek T, Aune A, Baerheim A. Traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in women with frequently recurring cystitis: frequencies of syndromes and symptoms. Compl Ther Med 2000; 8:260-5.
doi: 10.1054/ctim.2000.0399
|
| [25] |
Chughtai B, Kavaler E, Lee R, Te A, Kaplan SA, Lowe F. Use of herbal supplements for overactive bladder. Rev Urol 2013; 15: 93-6.
pmid: 24223020
|
| [26] |
Coyne KS, Kaplan SA, Chapple CR, Sexton CC, Kopp ZS, Bush EN, et al. Risk factors and comorbid conditions associated with lower urinary tract symptoms: EpiLUTS. BJU Int 2009; 103(Suppl. 3):24-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08438.x.
|
| [27] |
Litman HJ, Steers WD, Wei JT, Kupelian V, Link CL, McKinlay JB, et al. Relationship of lifestyle and clinical factors to lower urinary tract symptoms: results from Boston Area Community Health survey. Urology 2007; 70:916-21.
|
| [28] |
Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Newton TL. Marriage and health: his and hers. Psychol Bull 2001; 127:472-503.
doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.127.4.472
pmid: 11439708
|
| [29] |
Sugaya K, Kadekawa K, Ikehara A, Nakayama T, Gakiya M, Nashiro F, et al. Influence of hypertension on lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Urol 2003; 10:569-75.
pmid: 14633079
|
| [30] |
Lu WA, Kuo CD. The effect of Tai Chi Chuan on the autonomic nervous modulation in older persons. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35:1972-6.
doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000099242.10669.F7
|
| [31] |
Chang RY, Koo M, Yu ZR, Kan CB, Chu IT, Hsu CT, et al. The effect of t’ai chi exercise on autonomic nervous function of patients with coronary artery disease. J Alternative Compl Med 2008; 14:1107-13.
|
| [32] |
Jung S, Lee EN, Lee SR, Kim MS, Lee MS. Tai chi for lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life in elderly patients with benign prostate hypertrophy: a randomized controlled trial. Evid base Compl Alternative Med 2012; 2012:624692. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/624692.
|
| [1] |
Fadi Sawaqed, Ibrahim Kharboush, Mohammed Suoub, Ismail Albadawi, Mohmmad Alhawatmeh, Abdallah Murad. A national survey of lower urinary tract symptoms in Jordan[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2023, 10(4): 518-525. |
| [2] |
Zhao Wang, Kaixuan Li, Quan Zhu, Haozhen Li, Ziqiang Wu, Xuesong Liu, Zhengyan Tang. Incidence and risk factors of in-hospital venous thromboembolism in non-oncological urological inpatients: A single center experience[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2023, 10(4): 546-554. |
| [3] |
Xiaowei Yang,Lynn Sayer,Sam Bassett,Sue Woodward. The prevalence, associated factors, and impact of urinary incontinence in pregnant and postpartum women in Nanjing, China: A cross-sectional study[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2023, 10(3): 337-343. |
| [4] |
Shabir Ahmad Bhat,Shameem Ahmad Rather,Naquibul Islam. An overview of benign prostatic hyperplasia and its appreciation in Greco-Arab (Unani) system of medicine[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2022, 9(2): 109-118. |
| [5] |
Kirill Kosilov,Irina Kuzina,Vladimir Kuznetsov,Olga Barabash,Ekaterina Fedorishcheva. Efficacy of a combination of dutasteride, tadalafil, and solifenacin in the treatment of previously unsuccessful patients[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2022, 9(1): 42-50. |
| [6] |
Dominique Thomas,Kevin C. Zorn,Malek Meskawi,Ramy Goueli,Pierre-Alain Hueber,Lesa Deonarine,Vincent Misrai,Alexis Te,Bilal Chughtai. The role of photovaporization of the prostate in small volume benign prostatic hyperplasia and review of the literature[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2019, 6(4): 353-358. |
| [7] |
Qixiang Song,Paul Abrams,Yinghao Sun. Beyond prostate, beyond surgery and beyond urology: The “3Bs” of managing non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2019, 6(2): 169-173. |
| [8] |
Liu Yu,Chen Yuntian,Liao Banghua,Luo Deyi,Wang Kunjie,Li Hong,Zeng Guohua. Epidemiology of urolithiasis in Asia[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2018, 5(4): 205-214. |
| [9] |
Lori A.Birder,Aura F.Kullmann,Christopher R.Chapple. The aging bladder insights from animal models[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2018, 5(3): 135-140. |
| [10] |
Reem Aldamanhori,Richard Inman. The treatment of complex female urethral pathology[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2018, 5(3): 160-163. |
| [11] |
Mangat Reshma,S.S.Ho Henry,L.C.Kuo Tricia. Non-invasive evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2018, 5(1): 42-47. |
| [12] |
Aldamanhori Reem,I.Osman Nadir,R.Chapple Christopher. Underactive bladder: Pathophysiology and clinical significance[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2018, 5(1): 17-21. |
| [13] |
H.Kim Eric,A.Brockman John,L.Andriole Gerald. The use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2018, 5(1): 28-32. |
| [14] |
Farhad Fakhrudin Vasanwala, Michael Yuet Chen Wong, Henry Sun Sien Ho, Keong Tatt Foo. Benign prostatic hyperplasia and male lower urinary symptoms:A guide for family physicians[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2017, 4(3): 181-184. |
| [15] |
Kok Kit Ng, Foo Cheong Ng. The use of antimuscarinics, phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors and phytotherapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2017, 4(3): 191-194. |
|
|
|
|
