|
|
|
| A national survey of lower urinary tract symptoms in Jordan |
Fadi Sawaqeda,*( ),Ibrahim Kharboushb,c,Mohammed Suouba,Ismail Albadawid,Mohmmad Alhawatmehd,Abdallah Muradd
|
aSection of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mu'tah University, Karak, Jordan
bDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Mu'tah University, Karak, Jordan
cHigh Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt
dFaculty of Medicine, Mu'tah University, Karak, Jordan |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and their severity population in Jordan. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a paper-based survey between August and September in 2019. The study was carried out in the health care centers or hospitals in three different regions of Jordan: North (Irbid and Jarash), Middle (Amman, Madaba, Salt, and Zarqa), and South (Karak and Aqaba). Results: To estimate the prevalence of LUTS, two definitions were used, including the first definition (presence of any LUTS regardless of the degree of severity) and the second definition (presence of any LUTS that occurs half the time or more). According to the first definition, 1038 (89.9%) reported LUTS (male: 47.3%, female: 52.7%), while 763 (66.1%) reported LUTS according to the second definition (male: 45.6%, female: 54.4%). According to the International Prostate Symptom Score characterization, 73.9% had nocturia and 62.9% reported daytime increased frequency. Conclusion: LUTS are highly prevalent among the Jordanian population, and more than half of them have nocturia or daytime increased frequency as most frequently reported symptoms.
|
|
Received: 26 March 2021
Available online: 20 October 2023
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
*E-mail address: fadi.sawaqed@mutah.edu.jo (F. Sawaqed).
|
|
|
| Variable | Result | | Agea, year | 38.09±14.84 | | Body mass indexa, kg/m2 | 26.46±5.36 | | Number of pregnancya,b | 2.33±2.81 | | Number of normal vaginal deliverya,b | 1.95±2.72 | | Number of cesarean sectiona,b | 0.39±1.07 | | Caffeine cups per daya | 2.59±0.85 | | Regionc | | | Middle | 393 (34.0) | | North | 381 (33.0) | | South | 381 (33.0) | | Agec, year | | | 18-20 | 105 (9.1) | | 21-30 | 362 (31.3) | | 31-40 | 218 (18.9) | | 41-50 | 220 (19.0) | | 51-60 | 162 (14.0) | | 61-65 | 88 (7.6) | | Genderc | | | Female | 601 (52.0) | | Male | 554 (48.0) | | Marital statusc | | | Single | 431 (37.3) | | Married | 669 (57.9) | | Widow | 34 (2.9) | | Divorce | 21 (1.8) | | Smokingc | | | No | 827 (71.6) | | Yes | 328 (28.4) | | Daily fluid intakec, mL | | | <500 | 178 (15.4) | | 500-1000 | 439 (38.0) | | 1000-2000 | 349 (30.2) | | 2000-3000 | 125 (10.8) | | ≥3000 | 64 (5.5) | | Position during voidingc | | | Sitting | 972 (84.2) | | Standing | 183 (15.8) | | Toilet at your workc | | | No | 72 (6.2) | | Yes | 1083 (93.8) | | Need to hold urinec | | | No | 596 (51.6) | | Yes | 559 (48.4) |
|
|
Descriptive and demographic characteristics.
|
| Gender | Incomplete emptying | Daytime frequency | Intermittency | Urgency | Weak stream | Straining | Nocturia | | Non-symptomatic | Symptomatic | Non-symptomatic | Symptomatic | Non-symptomatic | Symptomatic | Non-symptomatic | Symptomatic | Non-symptomatic | Symptomatic | Non-symptomatic | Symptomatic | Non-symptomatic | Symptomatic | | Female | 57.0 | 42.9 | 33.1 | 66.8 | 60.0 | 39.9 | 54.0 | 45.9 | 64.0 | 35.9 | 67.5 | 32.4 | 24.1 | 75.8 | | Male | 62.6 | 37.3 | 41.3 | 58.6 | 63.3 | 36.6 | 58.4 | 41.5 | 70.0 | 29.9 | 69.8 | 30.1 | 28.1 | 71.8 | | Total | 59.7 | 40.2 | 37.0 | 62.9 | 61.6 | 38.4 | 56.1 | 43.8 | 66.9 | 33.1 | 68.6 | 31.3 | 26.0 | 73.9 |
|
|
Prevalence (%) of lower urinary tract symptoms according to the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire.
|
| Characteristic | Age group, year | | 18-20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-50 | 51-60 | 61-65 | | Incomplete emptying | | Male | 25 (47.2) | 47 (31.1) | 45 (42.9) | 38 (35.2) | 27 (32.1) | 25 (47.2) | | Female | 20 (38.5) | 90 (42.7) | 51 (45.1) | 49 (43.8) | 36 (46.2) | 12 (34.3) | | Frequency | | Male | 32 (60.4) | 77 (51.0) | 65 (61.9) | 62 (57.4) | 54 (64.3) | 35 (66.0) | | Female | 28 (53.8) | 144 (68.2) | 74 (65.5) | 76 (67.9) | 59 (75.6) | 21 (60.0) | | Urgency | | Male | 29 (54.7) | 53 (35.1) | 44 (41.9) | 46 (42.6) | 31 (36.9) | 27 (50.9) | | Female | 26 (50.0) | 89 (42.2) | 52 (46.0) | 57 (50.9) | 40 (51.3) | 12 (34.3) | | Intermittency | | Male | 21 (39.6) | 49 (32.5) | 36 (34.3) | 39 (36.1) | 34 (40.5) | 24 (45.3) | | Female | 17 (32.7) | 76 (36.0) | 56 (49.6) | 40 (35.7) | 37 (47.4) | 14 (40.0) | | Weak stream | | Male | 19 (35.8) | 42 (27.8) | 32 (30.5) | 31 (28.7) | 23 (27.4) | 19 (35.8) | | Female | 15 (28.8) | 56 (26.5) | 50 (44.2) | 47 (42.0) | 38 (48.7) | 10 (28.6) | | Straining | | Male | 23 (43.4) | 39 (25.8) | 32 (30.5) | 32 (29.6) | 22 (26.2) | 19 (35.8) | | Female | 13 (25.0) | 59 (28.0) | 42 (37.2) | 42 (37.5) | 30 (38.5) | 9 (25.7) | | Nocturia | | Male | 41 (77.4) | 105 (69.5) | 77 (73.3) | 74 (68.5) | 58 (69.0) | 43 (81.1) | | Female | 36 (69.2) | 161 (76.3) | 85 (75.2) | 88 (78.6) | 59 (75.6) | 27 (77.1) |
|
|
Lower urinary tract symptoms prevalence (n [%]) stratified by gender and age group.
|
| Characteristic | Value, n (%) | p-Value | | Incomplete emptying | | 0.034 | | Female | 258 (42.9) | | | Male | 207 (37.4) | | | Frequency | | 0.001 | | Female | 402 (66.9) | | | Male | 325 (58.7) | | | Intermittency | | >0.05 | | Female | 240 (39.9) | | | Male | 203 (36.6) | | | Urgency | | >0.05 | | Female | 276 (45.9) | | | Male | 230 (41.5) | | | Weak stream | | >0.05 | | Female | 216 (35.9) | | | Male | 166 (20.9) | | | Straining | | 0.041 | | Female | 195 (32.4) | | | Male | 167 (30.1) | | | Nocturia | | >0.05 | | Female | 456 (75.9) | | | Male | 398 (71.8) | |
|
|
Lower urinary tract symptoms prevalence stratified by gender.
|
| QoL | IPSS category, n (% within IPSS and QoL) | Total, n | | Empty Cell | No symptom | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Empty Cell | | Delighted | 108 (22.2) | 320 (65.7) | 54 (11.1) | 5(1.0) | 487 | | Pleased | 11 (3.4) | 200 (61.5) | 108 (33.2) | 6 (1.8) | 325 | | Mostly satisfied | 1 (0.6) | 41 (25.3) | 113 (69.8) | 7 (4.3) | 162 | | Mixed | 1 (1.3) | 20 (25.6) | 42 (53.8) | 15 (19.2) | 78 | | Mostly dissatisfied | 0 (0.0) | 7 (14.6) | 30 (62.5) | 11 (22.9) | 48 | | Unhappy | 0 (0.0) | 4 (12.5) | 14 (43.8) | 14 (43.8) | 32 | | Terrible | 0 (0.0) | 6 (26.1) | 9 (39.1) | 8 (34.8) | 23 | | Total | 121 (10.5) | 598 (51.8) | 370 (32.0) | 66 (5.7) | 1155 |
|
|
The relation between the severity of the IPSS and QoL.
|
| Obstetric history | Urinary incontinence | | Frequency | Amount | QoL | Type | | Pregnancy | | Spearman correlation | 0.269?? | 0.279?? | 0.266?? | 0.248?? | | p-Value | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | Normal vaginal delivery | | Spearman correlation | 0.226?? | 0.240?? | 0.231?? | 0.210?? | | p-Value | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | Cesarean section | | Spearman correlation | 0.110?? | 0.104? | 0.082? | 0.088? | | p-Value | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.045 | 0.030 |
|
|
The Spearman correlation between urinary incontinence and obstetric history.
|
| Study | Population | Prevalence, % | | Current study | Jordan | 89.9 | | Hammad and Kaya [14] | Jordan (women) | 58.5 | | Hashim et al. [15] | Poland | 69.8 | | Yoo et al. [28] | Republic of Korea (>40 years) | 68.2 | | Soler et al. [26] | Brazil | 75.0 | | Irwin et al. [19] | Canada, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and United Kingdom | 64.3 | | Coyne et al. [20] | USA, United Kingdom, and Sweden | 59.6, 60.6, and 52.3 | | Al-Mehaisen et al. [16] | Denmark (one rural and one urban county) | 27.8 | | Liao et al. [31] | China (Taipei) | 9.9-44.5 | | Mourad et al. [25] | Egypt | 86.0 | | Kogan et al. [27] | Turkey, Russia, and Czech Republic | 84 (women);
80 (men) |
|
|
Comparison of lower urinary tract symptoms prevalence with previous studies.
|
| [1] |
Irwin DE, Milsom I, Kopp Z, Abrams P, Artibani W, Herschorn S. Prevalence, severity, and symptom bother of lower urinary tract symptoms among men in the EPIC study: impact of overactive bladder. Eur Urol 2009; 56:14-20.
doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.02.026
pmid: 19278775
|
| [2] |
Abrams P. New words for old: lower urinary tract symptoms for “prostatism”. BMJ 1994; 308:929-30.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.308.6934.929
pmid: 8173393
|
| [3] |
Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, Griffiths D, Rosier P, Ulmsten U, et al. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the standardization sub-committee of International Continence Society. Urology 2003; 61:37-49.
|
| [4] |
Girman CJ, Epstein RS, Jacobsen SJ, Guess HA, Panser LA, Oesterling JE, et al. Natural history of prostatism: impact of urinary symptoms on quality of life in 2115 randomly selected community men. Urology 1994; 44:825-31.
pmid: 7527166
|
| [5] |
Temml C, Br?ssner C, Schatzl G, Ponholzer A, Knoepp L, Madersbacher S, et al. The natural history of lower urinary tract symptoms over five years. Eur Urol 2003; 43:374-80.
pmid: 12667718
|
| [6] |
Boyle P, Robertson C, Mazzetta C, Keech M, Hobbs F, Fourcade R, et al. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in men and women in four centres: the UrEpik study. BJU Int 2003; 92:409-14.
doi: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04369.x
pmid: 12930430
|
| [7] |
Sarma AV, McLaughlin JC, Jacobsen SJ, Logie J, Dolin P, Dunn RL, et al. Longitudinal changes in lower urinary tract symptoms among a cohort of black American men: the Flint Men’s Health Study. Urology 2004; 64:959-65.
doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2004.06.043
|
| [8] |
Seim A, Hoyo C, ?stbye T, Vatten L. The prevalence and correlates of urinary tract symptoms in Norwegian men: the HUNT study. BJU Int 2005; 96:88-92.
doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05573.x
pmid: 15963127
|
| [9] |
Taylor BC, Wilt TJ, Fink HA, Lambert LC, Marshall LM, Hoffman AR, et al. Prevalence, severity, and health correlates of lower urinary tract symptoms among older men: the MrOS study. Urology 2006; 68:804-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.04.019
pmid: 17070357
|
| [10] |
Arafa MA, Farhat K, Aqdas S, Al-Atawi M, Rabah DM. Assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms in Saudi men using the International Prostate Symptoms Score. Urol Ann 2015; 7:221-5.
doi: 10.4103/0974-7796.150492
pmid: 25835352
|
| [11] |
Alzammam AM, Almurais RA, Alahmad RM, Aldhali AS, Almatrudi AS, Alaglan AA. Prevalence, risk factors and bother associated with lower urinary tract symptoms among young adults in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2017; 7. https://www.xueshufan.com/publication/2778251066.
|
| [12] |
Parsons M, Tissot W, Cardozo L, Diokno A, Amundsen CL, Coats AC, et al. Normative bladder diary measurements: night versus day. Neurourol Urodyn 2007; 26:465-73.
doi: 10.1002/nau.v26:4
|
| [13] |
Lukacz ES, Whitcomb EL, Lawrence JM, Nager CW, Luber KM. Urinary frequency in community-dwelling women: what is normal? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200:e1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2008.11.006.
|
| [14] |
Hammad FT, Kaya MA. Development and validation of an Arabic version of the international prostate symptom score. BJU Int 2010; 105:1434-8.
doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08984.x
pmid: 19863520
|
| [15] |
Hashim H, Avery K, Mourad M, Chamssuddin A, Ghoniem G, Abrams P. The Arabic ICIQ-UI SF: an alternative language version of the English ICIQ-UI SF. Neurourol Urodyn 2006; 25:277-82.
doi: 10.1002/nau.v25:3
|
| [16] |
Al-Mehaisen LM, Al-Kuran O, Lataifeh IM, Betawie S, Sindiyani A, Al-ttal OF, et al. Prevalence and frequency of severity of urinary incontinence symptoms in late pregnancy: a prospective study in the north of Jordan. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2009; 279:499-503.
doi: 10.1007/s00404-008-0720-6
pmid: 18690469
|
| [17] |
Shakhatreh F. Epidemiology of urinary incontinence in Jordanian women. Saudi Med J 2005; 26:830-5.
pmid: 15951878
|
| [18] |
Barghouti FF, Yasein NA, Jaber RM, Hatamleh LN, Takruri AH. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence among Jordanian women: impact on their life. Health Care Women Int 2013; 34:1015-23.
doi: 10.1080/07399332.2011.646372
pmid: 23384413
|
| [19] |
Irwin DE, Milsom I, Hunskaar S, Reilly K, Kopp Z, Herschorn S, et al. Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study. Eur Urol 2006; 50:1306-15.
doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.09.019
pmid: 17049716
|
| [20] |
Coyne KS, Sexton CC, Thompson CL, Milsom I, Irwin D, Kopp ZS, et al. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the USA, the UK and Sweden: results from the Epidemiology of LUTS (EpiLUTS) study. BJU Int 2009; 104:352-60.
doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08427.x
pmid: 19281467
|
| [21] |
Wang JY, Liao L, Liu M, Sumarsono B, Cong M. Epidemiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in a cross-sectional, populationbased study: the status in China. Medicine 2018; 97:e11554. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000011554.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011554
|
| [22] |
Schreiber Pedersen L, Lose G, H?ybye MT, Elsner S, Waldmann A, Rudnicki M. Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women and analysis of potential risk factors in Germany and Denmark. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 96: 939-48.
doi: 10.1111/aogs.2017.96.issue-8
|
| [23] |
Tamanini JTN, Pallone LV, Sartori MGF, Gir?o MJBC, Dos Santos JLF, de Oliveira Duarte YA, et al. A populational-based survey on the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of urinary incontinence in older adultsdresults from the “SABE STUDY”. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:466-77.
doi: 10.1002/nau.v37.1
|
| [24] |
Espu?a-Pons M, Ros C, Ortega JA, Aliaga F, Pérez-González A, Palau MJ, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and remission rates of urinary incontinence in women attended in gynecological practice. Neurourol Urodyn 2017;36:1081-5.
|
| [25] |
Mourad S, Shokeir A, Ayoub N, Ibrahim M, Reynolds N, Donde S, et al. Prevalence and impact of lower urinary tract symptoms: results of the epic survey in Egypt. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38: 637-43.
doi: 10.1002/nau.v38.2
|
| [26] |
Soler R, Gomes CM, Averbeck MA, Koyama M. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Brazil: results from the epidemiology of LUTS (Brazil LUTS) study. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:1356-64.
doi: 10.1002/nau.v37.4
|
| [27] |
Kogan MI, Zachoval R, ?zyurt C, Sch?fer T, Christensen N. Epidemiology and impact of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms: results of the EPIC survey in Russia, Czech Republic, and Turkey. Curr Med Res Opin 2014;30:2119-30.
|
| [28] |
Yoo TK, Lee KS, Sumarsono B, Kim ST, Kim HJ, Lee HC, et al. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in population aged 40 years or over, in South Korea. Investig Clin Urol 2018; 59: 166-76.
doi: 10.4111/icu.2018.59.3.166
pmid: 29744473
|
| [29] |
ünsal A, Cimentepe E. Voiding position does not affect uroflowmetric parameters and post-void residual urine volume in healthy volunteers. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 2004; 38: 469-71.
doi: 10.1080/00365590410018675
|
| [30] |
Baatout S, Bolckmans H, Demets L. What is the effectiveness of voiding school on symptom reduction in children with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)? Ghent University; 2020. https://lib.ugent.be/catalog/rug01:002836745. [Accessed 1 Jun 2020].
|
| [31] |
Liao YM, Dougherty MC, Biemer PP, Boyington AR, Liao CT, Palmer MH, et al. Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms among female elementary school teachers in Taipei. Int Urogynecol J 2007; 18:1151-61.
doi: 10.1007/s00192-006-0293-5
|
| [32] |
Parsons JK, Wilt TJ, Wang PY, Barrett-Connor E, Bauer DC, Marshall LM, et al. Progression of lower urinary tract symptoms in older men: a community based study. J Urol 2010; 183: 1915-20.
doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.01.026
pmid: 20303101
|
| [33] |
Dinc A. Prevalence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and associated risk factors. Low Urin Tract Sympt 2018; 10: 303-7.
|
| [34] |
Markland AD, Goode PS, Redden DT, Borrud LG, Burgio KL. Prevalence of urinary incontinence in men: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey. J Urol 2010; 184:1022-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.05.025
pmid: 20643440
|
| [35] |
Tela UM, Abubakar BM, Abubakar A, Adamu SA, Waziri MA. Community based survey of lower urinary tract symptoms among men with cataract in North-Eastern Nigeria: a window for screening 2016. J Med Sci Clin Res 2017; 5:21254-7.
doi: 10.18535/jmscr
|
| [36] |
Welch LC, Taubenberger S, Tennstedt SL. Patients’ experiences of seeking health care for lower urinary tract symptoms. Res Nurs Health 2011; 34:496-507.
doi: 10.1002/nur.20457
pmid: 21898454
|
| [1] |
Tsung Mou, Oluwateniola Brown, Yingxiao Hua, Melissa Simon, XinQi Dong, Kimberly Kenton, C. Emi Bretschneider. Gender differences of lower urinary tract symptoms in older Chinese Americans[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2023, 10(4): 526-533. |
| [2] |
Xiaowei Yang,Lynn Sayer,Sam Bassett,Sue Woodward. The prevalence, associated factors, and impact of urinary incontinence in pregnant and postpartum women in Nanjing, China: A cross-sectional study[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2023, 10(3): 337-343. |
| [3] |
Simeon Ngweso,Munyaradzi Nyandoro,Tatenda Nzenza,Ting Yi Cheow,Fiona Bettenay,Andrew Barker,Japinder Khosa,Naeem Samnakay. Culture-positive urinary tract infection following micturating cystourethrogram in children[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2022, 9(3): 329-333. |
| [4] |
Shabir Ahmad Bhat,Shameem Ahmad Rather,Naquibul Islam. An overview of benign prostatic hyperplasia and its appreciation in Greco-Arab (Unani) system of medicine[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2022, 9(2): 109-118. |
| [5] |
Bara Barakat,Knut Franke,Matthias May,Ulrich Gauger,Thomas-Alexander Vögeli. Efficacy and safety of desmopressin on frequency and urgency in female patients with overactive bladder and nocturia, current clinical features and outcomes: A systematic review[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2022, 9(1): 27-34. |
| [6] |
Kirill Kosilov,Irina Kuzina,Vladimir Kuznetsov,Olga Barabash,Ekaterina Fedorishcheva. Efficacy of a combination of dutasteride, tadalafil, and solifenacin in the treatment of previously unsuccessful patients[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2022, 9(1): 42-50. |
| [7] |
Wattanachai Ratanapornsompong,Suthep Pacharatakul,Premsant Sangkum,Chareon Leenanupan,Wisoot Kongcharoensombat. Effect of puboprostatic ligament preservation during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy on early continence: Randomized controlled trial[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2021, 8(3): 260-268. |
| [8] |
Kevin J. Hebert,Brian J. Linder,Griffin T. Morrisson,Laureano Rangel Latuche,Daniel S. Elliott. A comparison of artificial urinary sphincter outcomes after primary implantation and first revision surgery[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2021, 8(3): 298-302. |
| [9] |
Kenji Omae,Noriaki Kurita,Sei Takahashi,Shingo Fukuma,Yosuke Yamamoto,Shunichi Fukuhara,The Sukagawa Study Group. Association of advanced glycation end-product accumulation with overactive bladder in community-dwelling elderly: A cross-sectional Sukagawa study[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2021, 8(2): 189-196. |
| [10] |
Zepeng Jia,Yifan Chang,Yan Wang,Jing Li,Min Qu,Feng Zhu,Huan Chen,Bijun Lian,Meimian Hua,Yinghao Sun,Xu Gao. Sustainable functional urethral reconstruction: Maximizing early continence recovery in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2021, 8(1): 126-133. |
| [11] |
Anne Holck Storås,Martin G. Sanda,Olatz Garin,Peter Chang,Dattatraya Patil,Catrina Crociani,Jose Francisco Suarez,Milada Cvancarova,Jon Håvard Loge,Sophie D. Fosså. A prospective study of patient reported urinary incontinence among American, Norwegian and Spanish men 1 year after prostatectomy[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2020, 7(2): 161-169. |
| [12] |
Dominique Thomas,Kevin C. Zorn,Malek Meskawi,Ramy Goueli,Pierre-Alain Hueber,Lesa Deonarine,Vincent Misrai,Alexis Te,Bilal Chughtai. The role of photovaporization of the prostate in small volume benign prostatic hyperplasia and review of the literature[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2019, 6(4): 353-358. |
| [13] |
Qixiang Song,Paul Abrams,Yinghao Sun. Beyond prostate, beyond surgery and beyond urology: The “3Bs” of managing non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2019, 6(2): 169-173. |
| [14] |
Lori A.Birder,Aura F.Kullmann,Christopher R.Chapple. The aging bladder insights from animal models[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2018, 5(3): 135-140. |
| [15] |
Allert M.de Vries*,John P.F.A.Heesakkers. Contemporary diagnostics and treatment options for female stress urinary incontinence[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2018, 5(3): 141-148. |
|
|
|
|
