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| Role of circulating tumor cell clusters in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer receiving a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist: A pilot study |
Yuki Kohadaa,b,*( ),Hiroki Kusumotoa,Takashi Kukimotoa,Jotaro Mikamia,Jun Itoa,Katsutoshi Asanoc,Toru Yaegashic,Kanichi Nakagawarac,Jun Teishimab,Yasuhiro Kaihoa,Nobuyuki Hinatab,Yasuhiro Nakamurad,Makoto Satoa
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aDivision of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
bDepartment of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
cNihon Gene Research Laboratories Inc, Sendai, Japan
dDivision of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan |
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Received: 17 August 2021
Available online: 20 April 2023
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Corresponding Authors:
Yuki Kohada
E-mail: y.kohada.1213@gmail.com
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Immunofluorescent staining of CTCs and CTC clusters, and the correlations for prognosis of patients with mHSPC. (A-D) Immunofluorescent staining of CTCs (arrows)—DAPI+cells (staining of the nucleus) (A), CD45-cells (a leukocyte marker) (B), pan-cytokeratin+cells (an epithelial marker) (C), and merged image of DAPI, CD45, and pan-cytokeratin (D); (E-H) Immunofluorescent staining of CTC clusters (arrows)—DAPI+clusters (staining of the nucleus) (E), CD45-clusters (a leukocyte marker) (F), pan-cytokeratin+clusters (an epithelial marker) (G), and merged image of DAPI, CD45, and pan-cytokeratin (H); (I-L) Kaplan-Meier curves of patients with mHSPC receiving ADT—PSA-PFS with ≥median CTCs vs. <median CTCs (I), radiographic PFS with ≥median vs. <median CTCs (J), PSA-PFS with positive vs. negative CTC clusters (K), and radiographic PFS with positive vs. negative CTC clusters (L). DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; CTC, circulating tumor cell; PFS, progression-free survival; mHSPC, metastatic-hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
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