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| Complete response to an anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody following a combination therapy of an anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 antibody and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for metastatic renal cell carcinoma |
Masayuki Kurokawa*( ),Sei Naito,Tomoyuki Kato,Masaki Ushijima,Atsushi Yamagishi,Toshihiko Sakurai,Hayato Nishida,Norihiko Tsuchiya
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| Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan |
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Received: 03 August 2021
Available online: 20 January 2023
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Corresponding Authors:
Masayuki Kurokawa
E-mail: kuromasa.96.ninetysix@gmail.com
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Pathological findings of the primary kidney tumor specimen. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining showing clear cell renal cell carcinoma with clear cytoplasm and a compact nested pattern. (B) Immunohistochemical staining showing that 5% of cells were stained with anti-PD-L1 (#13684, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, USA). (C) Immunohistochemical staining showing that 3% of cells were stained with anti-PD-L2 (#13684, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, USA).
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