Cultured circulating tumor cells and their derived xenografts for personalized oncology

Asian Journal of Urology, 2016, 3 (4): 240-253 doi:

Review

Cultured circulating tumor cells and their derived xenografts for personalized oncology

Ruoxiang Wang^a, Gina C. Y. Chu^a, Stefan Mrdenovic^a, Alagappan A. Annamalai^b, Andrew E. Hendifar^a, Nicholas N. Nissen^b, James S. Tomlinson^c, Michael Lewis^d, Nallasivam Palanisamy^e, Hsian-Rong Tseng^f, Edwin M. Posadas^a, Michael R. Freeman^b, Stephen J. Pandol^a, Haiyen E. Zhau^a, Leland W. K. Chung^a,b

a Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA;
b Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA;
c Department of Surgery, West Los Angeles VA Hospital, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA;
d Department of Pathology, West Los Angeles VA Hospital, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA;
e Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA;
f Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

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Abstract Recent cancer research has demonstrated the existence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in cancer patient's blood. Once identified, CTC biomarkers will be invaluable tools for clinical diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. In this review, we propose ex vivo culture as a rational strategy for large scale amplification of the limited numbers of CTCs from a patient sample, to derive enough CTCs for accurate and reproducible characterization of the biophysical, biochemical, gene expressional and behavioral properties of the harvested cells. Because of tumor cell heterogeneity, it is important to amplify all the CTCs in a blood sample for a comprehensive understanding of their role in cancer metastasis. By analyzing critical steps and technical issues in ex vivo CTC culture, we developed a cost-effective and reproducible protocol directly culturing whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells, relying on an assumed survival advantage in CTCs and CTC-like cells over the normal cells to amplify this specified cluster of cancer cells.

Key words： Cancer metastasis Peripheral blood Circulating tumor cell ex vivo culture

Received: 16 August 2016 Published: 02 November 2016

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	Articles by authors
	Ruoxiang Wang
	Gina C. Y. Chu
	Stefan Mrdenovic
	Alagappan A. Annamalai
	Andrew E. Hendifar
	Nicholas N. Nissen
	James S. Tomlinson
	Michael Lewis
	Nallasivam Palanisamy
	Hsian-Rong Tseng
	Edwin M. Posadas
	Michael R. Freeman
	Stephen J. Pandol
	Haiyen E. Zhau
	Leland W. K. Chung

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Cite this article:

Ruoxiang Wang,Gina C. Y. Chu,Stefan Mrdenovic, et al. Cultured circulating tumor cells and their derived xenografts for personalized oncology[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2016, 3(4): 240-253.

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http://www.ajurology.com/EN/ OR http://www.ajurology.com/EN/Y2016/V3/I4/240

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