摘要 High risk prostate cancer is a deadly disease that needs aggressive treatment.High risk prostate cancer is often treated with androgen deprivation therapy or combined radiohormonotherapy while there is a place for surgery in cases of operable and resectable locally advanced or high risk disease.This review summarizes the results of the different treatment strategies for locally advanced and high risk prostate cancer.Radical prostatectomy monotherapy or in combination with radiotherapy and/or hormonal treatment are analyzed.They show that radical prostatectomy is an effective treatment modality for these tumors.After surgery, the results of the pathology and the follow-up of serum PSA may indicate the need of additional adjuvant or salvage treatment strategies.
Abstract: High risk prostate cancer is a deadly disease that needs aggressive treatment.High risk prostate cancer is often treated with androgen deprivation therapy or combined radiohormonotherapy while there is a place for surgery in cases of operable and resectable locally advanced or high risk disease.This review summarizes the results of the different treatment strategies for locally advanced and high risk prostate cancer.Radical prostatectomy monotherapy or in combination with radiotherapy and/or hormonal treatment are analyzed.They show that radical prostatectomy is an effective treatment modality for these tumors.After surgery, the results of the pathology and the follow-up of serum PSA may indicate the need of additional adjuvant or salvage treatment strategies.
Hendrik van Poppel. Locally advanced and high risk prostate cancer: the best indication for initial radical prostatectomy?[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2014, 1(1): 38-43.
Hendrik van Poppel. Locally advanced and high risk prostate cancer: the best indication for initial radical prostatectomy?. Asian Journal of Urology, 2014, 1(1): 38-43.
Yossepowitch O, Eggener SE, Bianco FJ Jr, Carver BS, Serio A,Scardino PT, et al. Radical prostatectomy for clinically localized,high risk prostate cancer: critical analysis of risk assessmentmethods. J Urol 2007; 178:493-9.
[2]
Joniau S, Briganti A, Gontero P, Gandaglia G, Tosco L, FieuwsS, et al. Stratification of high risk prostate cancer into prognosticcategories: a European multi-institutional study. Eur Urol 2014; pii:S0302-2838(14)00071-2. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.01.020. [Epubahead of print]
[3]
Khan MA, Mangold LA, Epstein JI, Boitnott JK, Walsh PC, PartinAW. Impact of surgical delay on long-term cancer control forclinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol 2004; 172(5 Pt 1): 1835-9.
[4]
Gerber GS, Thisted RA, Chodak GW, Schroder FH, Frohmuller HG,Scardino PT, et al. Results of radical prostatectomy in men withlocally advanced prostate cancer: multi-institution pooled analysis.Eur Urol 1997; 32: 385-90.
[5]
Joniau S, Hsu CY, Lerut E, Van Baelen A, Haustermans K,Roskams T, et al. A pretreatment table for the prediction of finalhistopathology after radical prostatectomy in clinical unilateral T3a prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2007; 51: 388-96.
[6]
Gallina A, Chun FK, Briganti A, Shariat SF, Montorsi F, SaloniaA, et al. Development and split-sample validation of a nomogrampredicting the probability of seminal vesicle invasion at radicalprostatectomy. Eur Urol 2007; 52: 98-105.
[7]
Van Poppel H, Ameye F, Oyen R, Van de Voorde W, Baert L.Accuracy of combined computerized tomography and fine needleaspiration cytology in lymph node staging of localized prostaticcarcinoma. J Urol 1994; 151:1310-4.
[8]
Heidenreich A, Bastian PJ, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, Joniau S, van derKwast T, et al.EAU Guidelines on prostate cancer. Part 1: Screening,diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent - Update 2013.Eur Urol 2014; 65:124-37.
[9]
Hsu CY, Joniau S, Van Poppel H. Radical prostatectomy for locallyadvanced prostate cancer: technical aspects of radical prostatectomy.EAU Update Series 2005; 3: 90-7.
[10]
Van Poppel H.Surgery for clinical T3 prostate cancer. Eur UrolSuppl 2005;4:12-4.
[11]
Hsu CY, Joniau S, Roskams T, Oyen R, Van Poppel H. Comparingresults after surgery in patients with clinical unilateral T3a, prostatecancer treated with or without neoadjuvant androgen-deprivationtherapy.BJU Int 2006; 99:311-4.
[12]
Ward JF, Slezak JM, Blute ML, Bergstralh EJ, Zincke H. Radicalprostatectomy for clinically advanced (cT3) prostate cancer since theadvent of prostate-specific antigen testing: 15-year outcome. BJU Int2005; 95:751-6.
[13]
Van Poppel H, Goethuys H, Callewaert P, Vanuytsel L, Van deVoorde W, Baert L.Radical prostatectomy can provide a cure forwell-selected clinical stage T3 prostate cancer.Eur Urol 2000; 38:372-9.
[14]
Briganti A, Karakiewicz PI, Chun FK, Gallina A, Salonia A, ZanniG, et al. Percentage of positive biopsy cores can improve the abilityto predict lymph node invasion in patients undergoing radicalprostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Eur Urol2007; 51:1573-81.
[15]
Van Poppel H, Vekemans K, Da Pozzo L, Bono A, Kliment J,Montironi R, et al. Radical prostatectomy for locally advancedprostate cancer: results of a feasibility study (EORTC 30001). Eur JCancer 2006; 42:1062-7.
[16]
van den Ouden D, Hop WC, Schroder FH. Progression in andsurvival of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (T3)treated with radical prostatectomy as monotherapy. J Urol 1998;160: 1392-7.
[17]
Isorna Martínez de la Riva S, Belón López-Tomasety J, MarreroDomínguez R, Alvarez Cruz E, Santamaría Blanco P. Radicalprostatectomy as monotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer(T3a): 12 years follow-up. Arch Esp Urol 2004; 57: 679-92.
[18]
Hsu CY, Joniau S, Oyen R, Roskams T, Van Poppel H.Outcome ofsurgery for clinical unilateral T3a prostate cancer: a single-institutionexperience.Eur Urol 2007; 51:121-9.
[19]
Gontero P, Marchioro G, Pisani R, Zaramella S, Sogni F, KocjancicE, et al. Is radical prostatectomy feasible in all cases of locallyadvanced non-bone metastatic prostate cancer? Results of a singleinstitutionstudy. Eur Urol 2007; 51:922-30.
[20]
Lange PH. Is surgery good for advanced localised prostate cancer?It's time to find out! Eur Urol 2007; 51:873-5.
[21]
Bolla M, Van Poppel H, Collette L, van Cangh P, Vekemans K, DaPozzo L, et al. European Organization for Research and Treatmentof Cancer. Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: arandomised controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911). Lancet 2012; 380:2018-27.
[22]
Thompson IM Jr, Tangen CM, Paradelo J, Lucia MS, Miller G,Troyer D, et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathologically advancedprostate cancer: a randomised clinical trial.JAMA 2006;296: 2329-35.
[23]
Berglund RK, Jones JS, Ulchaker JC, Fergany A, Gill I, Kaouk J, etal. Radical prostatectomy as primary treatment modality for locallyadvanced prostate cancer: a prospective analysis. Urology 2006; 67:1253-6.
[24]
Carver BS, Bianco FJ Jr, Scardino PT, Eastham JA. Long-termoutcome following radical prostatectomy in men with clinical stageT3 prostate cancer. J Urol 2006; 176: 564-8.
Loeb S, Smith ND, Roehl KA, Catalona WJ. Intermediate-termpotency, continence, and survival outcomes of radical prostatectomyfor clinically high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer.Urology2007; 69:1170-5.
[27]
Secin FP, Bianco FJ Jr, Vickers AJ, Reuter V, Wheeler T, Fearn PA,et al. Cancer-specific survival and predictors of prostate-specificantigen recurrence and survival in patients with seminal vesicleinvasion after radical prostatectomy. Cancer 2006; 106: 2369-75.
[28]
Masterson TA, Pettus JA, Middleton RG, Stephenson RA. Isolatedseminal vesicle invasion imparts better outcomes after radicalretropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer:prognostic stratification of pt3b disease by nodal and margin status.Urology 2005; 66: 152-5.
[29]
Johnstone PA, Ward KC, Goodman M, Assikis V, Petros JA. Radicalprostatectomy for clinical T4 prostate cancer. Cancer 2006; 106:2603-9.
Manoharan M, Bird VG, Kim SS, Civantos F, Soloway MS.Outcome after radical prostatectomy with a pretreatment prostatebiopsy Gleason score of ≥ 8. BJU Int 2003; 92: 539-44.
Bastian PJ, Gonzalgo ML, Aronson WJ, Terris MK, Kane CJ,Amling CL, et al. Clinical and pathologic outcome after radicalprostatectomy for prostate cancer patients with a preoperativeGleason sum of 8 to 10. Cancer 2006; 107: 1265-72.
[34]
Lau WK, Bergstralh EJ, Blute ML, Slezak JM, Zincke H. Radicalprostatectomy for pathological Gleason 8 or greater prostate cancer:influence of concomitant pathological variables. J Urol 2002; 167:117-22.
[35]
Oefelein MG, Grayhack JT, McVary KT. Survival after radicalretropubic prostatectomy of men with clinically localized high gradecarcinoma of the prostate. Cancer 1995; 76: 2535-42.
[36]
Tefilli MV, Gheiler EL, Tiguert R, Banerjee M, Sake W, Grignon D,et al. Role of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancerof high Gleason score. Prostate 1999; 39: 60-6.
[37]
Mian BM, Troncoso P, Okiharan K, Bhadkamkar V, Johnston D,Reyes AO, et al. Outcome of patients with Gleason score 8 or higherprostate cancer following radical prostatectomy alone. J Urol 2002;167: 1675-80.
[38]
Serni S, Masieri L, Minervini A, Lapini A, Nesi G, Carini M. Cancerprogression after anterograde radical prostatectomy for pathologicGleason score 8 to 10 and influence of concomitant variables.Urology 2006; 67: 373-8.
[39]
Ohori M, Goad JR, Wheeler TM, Eastham JA, Thompson TC,Locally advanced and high risk prostate cancer Scardino PT. Can radical prostatectomy alter the progression ofpoorly differentiated prostate cancer? J Urol 1994; 152: 1843-9.
[40]
Perrotti M, Rabbani F, Russo P, Solomon MC, Fair WR. Earlyprostate cancer detection and potential for surgical cure in men withpoorly differentiated tumors. Urology 1998; 52: 106-10.
Tewari A, Divine G, Chang P, Shemtov MM, Milowsky M, NanusD, Menon M. Long-term survival in men with high grade prostatecancer: a comparison between conservative treatment, radiationtherapy and radical prostatectomy—a propensity scoring approach. JUrol 2007; 177: 911-5.
[43]
Sooriakumaran P, Nyberg T, Akre O, Haendler L, Heus I, et al.Comparative effectiveness of radical prostatectomy and radiotherapyin prostate cancer: observational study of mortality outcomes. BMJ2014; 348: g1502. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g1502.
[44]
Do TM, Parker RG, Smith RB, Kagan AR. High-grade carcinoma ofthe prostate: a comparison of current local therapies. Urology 2001;57: 1121-6.
[45]
Kibel AS, Nelson JB. Adjuvant and salvage treatment optionsfor patients with high-risk prostate cancer treated with radicalprostatectomy.Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2007; 10: 119-26.
Christopher Hartman, Nikhil Gupta, David Leavitt, David Hoenig, Zeph Okeke, Arthur Smith. Advances in percutaneous stone surgery[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2015, 2(1): 26
-32
.